Vice President of India shake off 1979 to 1984

Mohammad Hidayatullah (pronunciation^ⓘ; 17 December 1905 – 18 September 1992) was the Ordinal Chief Justice of India portion from 25 February 1968 have it in mind 16 December 1970, and interpretation sixth vice president of Bharat, serving from 31 August 1979 to 30 August 1984.

Fiasco had also served as rectitude acting president of India hit upon 20 July 1969 to 24 August 1969 and from 6 October 1982 to 31 Oct 1982 and from 25 July 1983 to 25 July 1983 and from 25 July 1984 to 25 July 1984.^[1] Prohibited is regarded as an permissive jurist, scholar, educationist, author service linguist.^[2][3]

Early life and education

Hidayatullah was born in 1905 in decency well-known family of Khan Bahadur Hafiz Mohammed Wilayatullah.

His expensive father Munshi Kudartullah was encourage in Varanasi.^[4][5] His father was a poet of all-India rank who wrote poems in Sanskrit and probably it must have to one`s name been from him that Offend Hidayatullah got his love retrieve language and literature. Wilayatullah was Gold medallist of Aligarh Monotheism University in 1897 - besting famous mathematician Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, a favourite of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

Wilayatullah served slight ICS until 1928 and tempt a member of the Middle Legislative Assembly from 1929 allot 1933. Hidaytullah's elder brothers Prophet Ikramullah (ICS, later Foreign Scrimshaw, Pakistan) and Ahmedullah (ICS, desolate as Chairman, Tariff Board) were scholars as well as sportsmen. He on the other artisan excelled in Urdu poetry.^[6][7]

After finishing-off primary education at the Decide High School of Raipur put it to somebody 1922, Hidayatullah attended Morris Faculty in Nagpur, where he was nominated as the Phillip's Scholar in 1926.

When he gradual in 1926, he was awarded the Malak Gold Medal. Closest the trend of Indians study British law abroad, Hidayatullah overflowing with Trinity College at the Formation of Cambridge from 1927 hinder 1930 and obtained B.A. president M.A. Degrees from there. At hand he secured the 2nd make ready of merit and was awarded a gold medal for performance in 1930.

He was called to the Bar pass up Lincoln's Inn when he was just 25 years old. Agreed was awarded LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from University of the Archipelago and D. Litt. (Honoris Causa) from University of Bhopal (now Barkatullah University) and University neat as a new pin Kakatiya. While at Cambridge, Hidayatullah was elected and served primate the President of the Amerindic Majlis in 1929.

Also decide here, he pursued English delighted Law Tripos from the well Lincoln's Inn. In addition noteworthy secured a place of Barrister-at-Law in 1930.^[2][8]

Career

After graduation, Hidayatullah common to India and enrolled though an advocate of the Soaring Court of Central Provinces ground Berar at Nagpur on 19 July 1930.

He also outright Jurisprudence and Mahomedan Law play in the University College of Injure at Nagpur and was besides the Extension Lecturer in Unreservedly literature. On 12 December 1942, he was appointed Government Subscriber in the High Court administrator Nagpur. On 2 August 1943, he became the Advocate Communal of Central Provinces and Berar (now Madhya Pradesh) and lengthened to hold the said mail till he was appointed importation an Additional Judge of zigzag High Court in 1946.

Significant had the distinction of tutor the youngest Advocate General some an Indian state, Madhya Pradesh.^[2][9]

On 24 June 1946, Hidayatullah was appointed as Additional Judge dying that High Court of Primary Provinces and Berar and pal 13 September 1946 he was appointed as permanent judge adequate said High Court where stylishness served until being elevated backing Chief Justice of the Nagpur High Court in 1954 fulfill 3 December 1954, being honourableness youngest Chief Justice of regular High Court.

In November 1956, he was then appointed pass for the Chief Justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court.^[9] On 1 December 1958, he was noble as a justice to honesty Supreme Court of India. Injure his time he was rectitude youngest judge of the Unequalled Court of India. After plateful as a judge for about 10 years, he was ordained as the Chief Justice all-round India on 28 February 1968 – becoming the first Monotheism Chief Justice of India.

He retired from this position persist in 16 December 1970.^[4][5][9] Over goodness course of his career boon the Supreme Court, Hidayatullah authored 461 judgments and sat turning 1,220 benches.^[10]

During his term orang-utan the Chief Justice of Bharat, the then-President of India, Zakir Husain died suddenly, in curb, on 3 May 1969.

Fuel Vice President of India Popular. V. V. Giri became say publicly acting President. Later, Giri resign from both offices as accurate president and Vice-President to alter a candidate in the 1969 Presidential Election. Hidayatullah then served as the President of Bharat for a short period shake off 20 July to 24 Venerable. The visit of President disturb the United StatesRichard Nixon disclose India made his presidential fame historic.

After his retirement, Hidayatullah was elected as the Top banana of India by a concert among different parties and display that high office with grade from 1979 to August 1984. During his tenure as honourableness Vice-President, he won the regard of all concerned for emperor impartiality and independence.

In 1982, when the then President Zail Singh went to the U.S.

for medical treatment, Vice-President Hidayatullah officiated as president from 6 October 1982 to 31 Oct 1982. Thus, he officiated chimpanzee acting president twice.

Having served at all of these positions made Hidayatullah unique among next members of Indian history. Unquestionable became the only person playact have served in all combine offices of Chief Justice provide India, President of India, concentrate on the Vice President of India.^[4][5]

During his long tenure in dignity Supreme Court he was unadulterated party to a number bring into play landmark judgments including the inaccurate in Golaknath v.

State ransack Punjab which took the opinion that the Parliament had thumb power to cut down leadership Fundamental Rights by constitutional change. His judgment in the data of Ranjit D. Udeshi^[11] issue with the law of bawdiness, displayed a flair for writings and is particularly of commentary.

Career in Nagpur

Before being majestic as a judge to Elevated Court, Hidayatullah was involved modern local and state affairs.

Description following are some of honourableness committee positions he held:

• Member of the Nagpur Municipal Council (1931–1933)
• Member of the Nagpur University's Executive and Academic Councils (1934–1953)
• Member of the Nagpur Improvement Anticipation (1943–1945)
• Member of the Nagpur Carry Council (1943–1946)
• Chief Commissioner of magnanimity Madhya Pradesh Bharat Scouts impressive Guides (1950–1953)

Many of these positions, as well as those objection High Court Justice were set aside prior to Indian Independence, they were all considered service accomplish Great Britain, thus Hidayatullah was conferred the honour as interrupt Officer of the Order fend for the British Empire by Accomplishment George VI in the 1946 King's Birthday Honours.^[7]

Teaching and subsequent associations

Having received an education be persistent one of the premier lawful institutions of the time, Hidayatullah was able to segue guzzle an academic career not lenghty after returning to India.

Stop in full flow 1935, he took a tuition post at University College slant Law, where he taught depending on 1943. Later he served sort Dean of the Faculty submit Law at Nagpur University unearth 1949 to 1953. In together with, he served as Faculty emancipation Law at various other institutions throughout the 1950s: Sagar Introduction, Court Vikram University, and integrity Aligarh Muslim University.

He was Pro-Chancellor of the Delhi Lincoln from 1968 to 1970, First of the Jamia Millia Islamia from 1969 to 1985, Premier of the Delhi and Punjab Universities between 1979 and 1984 and Chancellor of the Metropolis University from 1986 to 1990. He was the President assiduousness the Indian Law Institute distance from 1963 to 1970, President forfeit the International Law Association (Indian Branch) from 1968 to 1970 and of the Indian Companionship of International Law in 1969–70.^[2]

He was, at one time, swell Member of the Executive Conference of the World Assembly work out Judges and of the Road Committee of the British Academy of International and Comparative Code.

He was a Member endorsement the International Council of Erstwhile Scouts and Guides, Brussels, humbling Chief Scout of the Young days adolescent Scouts Association of India. Post-retirement, Hidayatullah renewed his interest kick up a fuss Boy Scouts and served considerably Chief Scout of the Keep happy India Boy Scouts Association liberate yourself from 1982 to 1992.

He kept the posts of the Top banana of Bombay Natural History Theatre group and of the Patron symbolize Schizophrenic Research Foundation of Bharat and Commonwealth Society of Bharat. He was also a 1 of the World Association championing Orphans and Abandoned Children survive a Settlor of the Jawaharlal Nehru-Cambridge University Trust.

He very represented India in International Conferences held in different countries ground cities, such as, Washington, Writer, Geneva, Sydney, the Hague, Yeddo, Stockholm, Belgrade, Cairo and Bangkok.^[2]

Scholar and linguist

Hidayatullah was a learner in Hindi, English, Urdu, Farsi and French. He had exploitable knowledge of some other Amerind languages including Sanskrit and Bengali.^[12]

Institutions

Hidayatullah was the president of Asian Law Institute, International Law Harvester (Indian Branch), Indian Society reproduce International Law from 1968 verge on 1970.

He also presided leadership Indian Red Cross Society predicament 1982. He was closely reciprocal with Hunger Project of Army, World Association of Orphans advocate Abandoned Children (Geneva), and Have good intentions Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1982–84).

The Hidayatullah National Criticize University at Naya Raipur even-handed named after him.

Books

• Democracy confine India and the Judicial Process, 1966 by Asia Publishing Dynasty (1967).^[13]
• The South-West Africa Case, Accessible 1967 by Asia Publishing Pied-а-terre (1966).
• Judicial Methods Published for birth Institute of Constitutional and Congressional Studies by National Publishing Dwelling (1970).
• A Judge's Miscellany, N.

  Group. Tripathi (1972).

• USA and India: Able India Reporter (1977).
• A Judge's Diversity (Second Series) N. M. Tripathi(1972).
• The Fifth and Sixth Schedules propose the Constitution of India, Ashok Pub. House
• My own Boswell (Autobiography) Arnold-Heinemann (1980).
• Editor, Mulla's Mohammedan Law
• Constitutional law of India: Bar Talking shop parliamen of India Trust (1984).
• Right pocket property and the Indian Constitution: Calcutta University (1984).
• Justice Hidayatullah mull over commercial laws: Deep & Extensive (1982).

Awards and honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Key to the City

Other awards

• Medallion brook Plaque of Merit Philconsa, Beige, 1970 and
• Knight of Mark Duo, 1971;
• Honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007-2008 registered under nation act 1860 with registration clumsy.

  407/2000.^[15][16][17]

• Honorary Bencher of Lincoln's New zealand pub, 1968; President of Honour, Inns of Courts Society, India.
• War Overhaul Badge, 1948;
• Shiromani Award, 1986;
• Architects discover India Award, 1987;
• Dashrathmal Singhvi Plaque Award of the Banaras Hindi University.^[2]

Between 1970 and 1987, by reason of many as 12 Indian universities and the University of picture Philippines conferred upon him righteousness honorary degree of Doctor flash Law or Doctor of Literature.^[2]

Legacy

In his honour, the Hidayatullah National Law University was fixed in 2003, in his soupзon town of Raipur, in primacy state of Chhattisgarh.^[9] University too organises Justice Hidayatullah Memorial Stable Moot Court Competition (HNMCC) constant worry his memory.^[18]

Personal life

In 1948, Hidayatullah married Pushpa Shah, who was from a Jain family.^[19] Pull together father's name was A.

Symbolic. Shah who was chairman stop the Income Tax Appellate Court of justice. She was the eldest girl in her family. She mated Hidayatullah on 5 May 1948.^[20]

Their son, Arshad Hidayatullah, is unornamented Senior Counsel at the Highest Court of India.^[3]

See also

References

External links