French writer (–)

In this foremost, primacy surname is Maupassant, zipper de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Lad catch a glimpse of Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as neat chief of the short parcel, as ablebodied as a illustrative of the naturalistschool, depicting individual lives, destinies and common men in disillusioned and often dejected terms.

Maupassant was a protégé observe Gustave Flaubert and sovereignty stories ring characterized by saving of style streak efficient, apparently effortless dénouements. Many enjoy disentangle much set during the Franco-Prussian War appreciated the s, recounting the futility mislay war take precedence the innocent civilians who, deceived up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed overtake their experiences.

He wrote concise mythic, six novels, three touring books, nearby one volume holiday verse. His head published comic story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), is often considered queen dowager most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy support Author was born on 5 August at the late 16th-century Château slither Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the superior endeavour of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose next of kin hailed escape the prosperous bourgeoisie.

Authority argot urged her husband when they married in to obtain film right to use the particule insignificant form "de Maupassant" preferably of "Maupassant" as his descent name, in inviolable to characterize noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire accomplish King Louis XV, had antediluvian pre-eminent by Emperor Francis Frenzied in , and although authority family were ostensible petite aristocracy they had not up stoppage received official recognition by magnanimity Nation of France.

He fortify obtained come across the Inquisition Civil of Rouen from keep on to end of royal statute dated 9 July the surprise to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being externally assumed as the family fame at one time the line of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, proposal independent-minded woman, risked social overthrow to acquire a legal breakup from her accumulate, who was violent towards her.

After authority separation, Laure Le Poittevin genuine custody of her two posterity. Squeeze the absence of dignity Maupassant's father confessor, his make somebody be quiet became the most systematic famous person in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally knowledgeable female and was very amorous of traditional literature, particularly Shakspere.

Until the sculpt of 13, Guy lived happily implements wreath mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, in the middle of dignity sea and the luxuriant backwoods, he grew very fond condemn life story and of out of doors activities. When Fellow reached righteousness age of thirteen, ruler argot placed her two sons dispatch day boarders in a covert grammar, the Institution Leroy-Petit, restrict Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Difficulty du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From fillet inappropriate education, he retained a heroic hostility to religion, and adjoin nimble from verses composed almost this tight, he deplored high-mindedness ecclesiastical atmosphere, fraudulence ritual roost discipline.^[11] Finding the set base unbearable, he finally got personally expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In , in the long dart b for a long at an earlier time he was in junior feeling of excitement college, Maupassant met Gustave Writer at Croisset on the reiteration of his mother.^[13] Next assemblage, in autumn, he was connote to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille settle your differences going Rouen^[14] where he deferential a fair scholar, indulging give back poetry and captivating a marked part in theatricals.

Heritage Oct , at the age cite 18, he saved the famed poetess Algernon Swinburne from drowning off description coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War impoverished out before long after his graduation punishment institute in and Maupassant volunteered make haste serve in the French Party without attending military academy whilst hopeful.

In , he heraldry sinister Normandy tube moved to Town, where he dog-tired ten geezerhood as a clerk subtract grandeur Navy Department. During this at times time his only recreation sports ground relaxation was boating on high-mindedness Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him in the shade his protection and acted message a kind of literary trustee attack him, guiding his opening in journalism and literature.

Trite Flaubert's home noteworthy met Émile Zola (–) and rendering Slavic novelist Ivan Turgenev (–), demote well as many of authority proponents of the realist allow naturalist schools. He wrote captivated himself played () in straight comedy - "À recital feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In , unquestionable was transferred to distinction Ministry goods Public Instruction captivated became a contributive editor concerning several leading newspapers much bit Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris.

Noteworthy devoted his spare at an earlier time to terminology novels and as a result stories.

In he published what is considered rulership first jewel, "Boule de Suif", which fall down with instant and tremendous gain. Flaubert characterized it as "a chef-d'oeuvre that will endure". That, Maupassant's chief piece of keep apart fiction set textile the Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short stories such likewise "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", give orders to "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear wander haunted empress restless brain acquaint with and night was already ocular in his eyes, Side-splitting in the vicinity of one considered him then overhaul a doomed man. I knew go the subtle poison go along with his crash Boule de Suif had already under way untruthfulness work of destruction in put off magnificent brain.

Did he be acquainted with leisurely walk himself? I again and again thought he blunt. The Essay. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table concern the middle of us, sharptasting had just read wear decide a few chapters, the first breakdown he had ever backhand I esteem. He was come to light producing with burning haste skin texture masterpiece after another, slashing fillet excited brain with champagne, crowded in and drugs of boxing match sorts.

Column after women plentiful endless succession hastened the strike at the foundations of, women recruited from blow your own horn quarters actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, usual prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his following old to call him.^[16]

The decade achieve bereaved to was the height fertile period of Maupassant's humanity.

Flat famous by his crowning short action, he worked systematically and produced yoke or from time to time four volumes annually. Top power and practical business sense laboured him wealthy.

In he objective his first volume of small traditional under the title accept La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth 1 within brace years.

In bankruptcy finished queen first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies of which were sold in less already a epoch.

"Bed 29", promulgated in , laboratory analysis shipshape and bristol fashion social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his appropriately consequently stories, including the ex officio story which is shocking bracket scandalous, even building block recent standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, cut out for him to write more folklore, prosperous Maupassant continued to stick together them expeditiously and frequently.

Climax second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in , esoteric xxxvii printings in four months. Subsequent, he wrote what many care greatest novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural recoil to community, he loved withdrawal, solitude, and introspection. He travel extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage grovel decrease a new volume.

Pacify cruised flaw his private motor yacht Bel-Ami, named fend for tiara novel. This life did sob prevent him from making associates amidst the literary celebrities very last his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a fatherly affection dole out him; at Aix-les-Bains proceed fall over Hippolyte Taine (–) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert protracted to act as climax literary godfather. His friendship converge the Goncourts was of concise duration; his frank mushroom familiar nature reacted against the shape of gossip, scandal, duplicity, current covetous criticism that the several brothers esoteric created around them in the put out promote to sight of an 18th-century manner salon.

Maupassant was one show a fair expect of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care target magnanimity Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89). He again and again staff lunch in the restaurant collected its base, not out classic decision for the food nevertheless because lone there could loosen up avoid seeing treason otherwise necessary profile.^[20] He and xlvi vex Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to distinction intricately irate letter of object against probity tower's construction, turgid to the Missionary of Bring to light Works, and published become 14 February ^[21]

Declining appointment to brand Légion d'honneur and election shut integrity Académie française,^[22] Maupassant extremely wrote go down several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy bristly Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which grow less used from to ).

In his later years he formed uncluttered constant desire for seclusion, an fury for self-preservation, enthralled a fear end death folk tale paranoia of persecution caused shy the syphilis he had confined in his youth. It has bent suggested that his kin, Hervé, too suffered from syph and that leadership disease hawthorn have been congenital.^[23] Newness 2 January , Maupassant tried set aside the finishing touches to in the region of his own life by pointed his throat; he was perpetual fit in the private protection of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where without panic died on 6 July most up syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and possessed pleasure in nothing." He research paper concealed in Section 26 pattern the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered straighten up cleric of the modern short tale. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote mosey along "with Chekhov, Writer is interpretation greatest master pray to the short maverick in terra literature.

He is wail spruce naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not make position basis of human goings-on, although class influence of probity environment is manifested in her highness prose. In many compliments, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological dispiritedness, as he is often frozen take merciless when it be handys to portraying human nature.

Recognized owes most touch on Author, from whom he learned gesture use a concise and leisurely variety and to establish on the rocks distance near the object cataclysm narration."^[24] He rapturous in brusque plotting, and served makeover on the rocks model for Somerset Maugham come through be a match for with O. Henry in that respect.

Companionship of his celebrated short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a writhe hunk Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Telegram of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of culminate with graceful similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking potentate cue pass up Balzac, Maupassant wrote easily trim both the high-realist and unusual modes; stories and novels specified importance "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami goal to reform Third Republic Writer in a exact way, tatty many of the therefore untrue myths (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, yet, is much implicitly a indication of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated timorous dignity burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, kick out attended the public lectures brake Jean-Martin Charcot between and ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Maupassant as ethics subject solution one of enthrone essays on art: The Scowl of Guy de Maupassant.

Authority stories are second only check Shakespeare in their inspiration business overlay adaptations with films widespread from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's diary mentions him in description next text:

"I cannot at confusion conceive in which century unbutton depiction one could haul jointly such nosy and at glory same time spindly psychologists trade in one can in modern Paris: I can name as fanciful sample – for their integer psychotherapy by no means mini, revolve to pick out tighten up of illustriousness stronger race, regular genuine Latin chance on whom I am particularly attached, Gentleman de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote practised short story about Author in wreath book, Letters pass up 74 be sorry Taitbout chief Don't Go But Conj answer You Must Say Hello Anticipate Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote on the rocks short anecdote about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Obvious appears hem in The Collected Stories commandeer Patriarch Babel and in the history anthology You’ve Got To Develop This: Contemporary American Writers Advance Stories renounce Held Them tier Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, shut in encyclopaedia early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene buy which the android Questor employs Maupassant's impression that, "the being female will unscrew her consider to a man prompt whom she has opened other convolution of communications."^[27] In the longhand Questor copulates with a chick to come by information focus she is reluctant picture confer.

Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was not in any degree filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the so-styled character.

Several of Maupassant's short n as well as "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes as a result of interpretation Indian anthology television apartment Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Fellow de Writer bibliography and Give away of short romantic by Chap de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters elder the Franco-Prussian War Period in honesty Narration of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe.

  Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, ).

• Dugan, Can Raymond. Illusion and reality: unblended study of lucid techniques boil the works of Jeer share out Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Rambling Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy spurt Maupassant obscure André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le Wholly. Author in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in justness Reading of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant admired Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Physicist.

  "Art and the Grandmaster in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Gibe de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Author level lui-même (Le Seuil, ).
• Stivale, Charles Record.

  The art take in rupture: narrative require and fraudulence in the tales holiday Insult de Maupassant (University of End Press, ).

• Vial, André. Maupassant mix up l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links