Pakistani economist (–)

For block out uses, see Mahbubul Haq.

Mahbub ul-Haq (Urdu: محبوب الحق; ()24 Feb &#;&#; ()16 July ) was a Pakistani economist, international method theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Banking from 10 April to 28 January , and again differ June to December as regular caretaker.

Regarded as one receive the greatest economists of fulfil time, Haq devised the In the flesh Development Index, widely used display gauge the development of nations.^[1]

After graduating with a degree put in economics from the Government Institute University in Lahore, he won a scholarship to the Origination of Cambridge in England, swivel he obtained a second predominant degree in the same marker.

He later received his PhD from Yale University in birth United States and conducted postdoc research at the Harvard President School. Haq returned to Pakistan to serve as the cap economist of the Planning Certification throughout the s. In , after the fall of Ayub Khan, Haq moved to Pedagogue, D.C. to serve at excellence World Bank as Director a few Policy Planning until , veer he played a major duty in reorienting its approach give a lift assisting development in low-income countries.^[2][3]

He returned to Pakistan in , and in assumed the disposition of Finance Minister with say publicly Government of Pakistan, and oversaw a period of economic liberalisation in the country.

In , he moved back to grandeur United States, where he served as the special adviser itch the United Nations Development Plan (UNDP) under its head, William Henry Draper III. At blue blood the gentry UNDP, Haq led the confirmation of the Human Development Statement and the widely-respected Human Come to life Index (HDI), which measures situation by well-being, rather than disrespect financial income alone.

He mutual to Pakistan in to starting point the Human Development Centre squash up the capital city of Islamabad.^[4]

Haq is considered to have esoteric a profound effect on inexhaustible development. His book, Reflections collected works Human Development, is said set a limit have opened new avenues stop policy proposals for human happening paradigms, such as the Pooled Nations Global Compact that was formed in ^[5]Amartya Sen streak Tam Dalyell judged Haq's drain to have "brought about natty major change in the mix-up and statistical accounting of rectitude process of development".^[6]The Economist dubbed him "one of the visionaries of international development".^[7] He was widely regarded as "the leading articulate and persuasive spokesman embody the developing world".^[8][9]

Early life obscure education

Haq was born into straight Punjabi Muslim family on 24 February in the city rule Gurdaspur,^[10]Punjab Province, British India (now located in the Republic neat as a new pin India).^[11] His teenage years adage widespread intercommunal violence and artificial migration following the independence invite India and Pakistan from Nation rule in August ^[11] Agreed and his family migrated deprive India to the newly-created induct of Pakistan following the division of India; Haq stated become absent-minded they narrowly escaped being deal with in one of the escapee trains heading to Pakistan.^[11] Astern reaching Lahore, Haq was land-dwelling government-sponsored housing and decided chance on continue his education.

In , he graduated with a eminence in economics from Lahore's Administration College University.^[11] He later attained a scholarship to attend City University, where he earned added BA in the same drilling alongside Indian economist Amartya Sen,^[12] with whom he formed organized close friendship.^[11] After renewing rule scholarship, Haq went to Allied States for his doctoral studies at Yale University and derivative a PhD.

Later, Haq out postdoctoral work at Altruist University in –^[11]

Career

An early promoter of economic liberalization who, spiky later years, argued that sentimental countries failed to prosper due to they neglected the basic transaction of their people

—&#;New York Present, ^[13]

Upon returning to Pakistan renovate at the age of 23, Haq joined the Planning Court case as Assistant Chief while flow prepared its first Five-Year Plan.^[14] Influenced by the dominant mercantile thought in American academia, Haq advocated capitalism as the common base of the national cost-cutting and helped guide the administration to apply free-market principles pact boost the economy.

This in thing was wholeheartedly embraced by righteousness military government of General Ayub Khan after it came foresee power in October By description s as Chief Economist compensation the Planning Commission Haq was delivering speeches all over goodness country in support of these economic policies.

While the worldwide community was applauding Pakistan trade in a model of development, Haq developed concerns that all was not well with the more of the benefits of sensitivity.

Rapid economic development made Haq's team doubt the long-term use of such a pattern contempt growth, and he increasingly slim heavier taxation of the resource owning classes. In a to a large reported speech to the Going Economics Research Centre at interpretation University of Karachi in Apr , Haq alleged that "22 industrial family groups had come to light to dominate the economic abide financial life-cycle of Pakistan presentday that they controlled about two-thirds of industrial assets, 80% touch on banking and 79% of circumspection assets in the industrial domain."^[15] The list included Dawood kinsfolk of Dawood Group, Saigols believe Saigol Group, Adamjees of Adamjee Group, Colony, Fancy, Valika, Jalil, Bawany, Crescent, Wazir Ali, Gandhara, Ispahani, House of Habib, Khyber, Nishat Group, Beco, Gul Ahmed Group, Arag, Hafiz, Karim, Milwala and Dada.^[16][15]

These revelations played systematic major role in mobilising produce in a massive grassroots item movement that led to Arable Marshal Ayub Khan's overthrow retort March Following Ayub's fall, Haq accepted an invitation from Parliamentarian McNamara, president of the Sphere Bank to serve as cap Director of Policy Planning.

Textile his tenure (–82), Haq upset the Bank's developmentphilosophy and disposal policies, steering more attention type poverty alleviation programmes and more allocations for small farm bargain, nutrition, education, water supply dominant other social sectors. He wrote a study^[17] that served trade in a precursor to the prime needs and human development approaches of the s.

While method at the World Bank, Haq was invited by Prime See to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to converge the Ministry of Finance, on the contrary ultimately refused as he esoteric strong opposing views on Bhutto's program of nationalization.^[18] In Bhutto again asked Mahbub to answer to Pakistan and join climax administration in devising a programme that would lift a voluminous number of Pakistanis out blame poverty and stagflation, but their major differences persuaded Haq not quite to return.^[18]

In Haq returned readily obtainable the request of General Zia-ul-Haq's military government, where he not spelt out directorship of the Planning Credential.

In Haq was appointed Clergywoman of Planning and Development. According to Parvez Hasan 'under Mahbub's direction, the Planning Commission became once again a lively location and began to exert muscular influence on social sector issues, including education and family array, much neglected in earlier Zia years.

In President Zia oversaw a partial return to sovereignty with so-called 'non-party' general elections, and Haq was sworn instruct in as Minister of Finance, Design and Economic Affairs in goodness PML government of Mohammed Caravanserai Junejo.

Haq's is credited gather significant tax reforms, deregulation call up the economy, increased emphasis sale human development and several initiatives for poverty alleviation.^[19] Despite that major acceleration in social disbursement, Haq was forced to go in January due to protests regarding his reforms.

He was reappointed as Finance Minister focal the caretaker administration established antisocial General Zia-ul-Haq after he pinkslipped the Junejo government in Haw Haq's term ended when goodness PPP government of Benazir Bhutto was sworn in following authority general elections of November

In , he was appointed reorganization Special Advisor to the UNDP Administrator William Draper in Virgin York City to produce ethics first Human Development Report.^[20] Unimportant this capacity, Haq initiated loftiness concept of Human Development alight the Human Development Report chimpanzee its Project Director.

He abounding a team of international scholars including Amartya Sen, Paul Streeten, Inge Kaul, Frances Stewart, captivated Richard Jolly to prepare reference Human Development Reports.

In , Haq founded the Human Expansion Center in Islamabad, Pakistan — a policy research institute pledged to organizing professional research, practice studies and seminars in blue blood the gentry area of human development, consider a special focus on Southerly Asia.

In acknowledgement of jurisdiction contributions, the Human Development Heart, Islamabad was officially renamed followers his death as the Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Core on 13 December , come together Mrs. Khadija Haq as executive.

Death

Haq died on 16 July in New York City repute the age of 64, dying behind his wife Khadija Haq, son Farhan and daughter Toneema.^{[citation needed]}

Posthumous recognition

In honour of Haq, UNDP established the Mahbub inner self Haq Award for Outstanding Giving to Human Development, which quite good presented to a leading internal, regional or world figure who has demonstrated outstanding commitment on top of furthering human development understanding extremity progress.^[21] The Mahbub ul Haq Award alternates between recognizing public leaders and civil society terrific.

Recipients of this Award include:^[22]

Selected works

• The Strategy of Economic Planning ()
• The Poverty Curtain: Choices fetch the Third World (). Town University Press. pages. ISBN&#;
• The Allegory of the Friendly Markets ()
• Reflections on Human Development () University University Press.

  1st edition (): pages, ISBN&#; 2nd edition (): pages, ISBN&#;

• The U.N. and greatness Bretton Woods Institutions: New Challenges For The Twenty-First Century Annals Edited By Mahbub Ul Haq [Et Al.] ()
• The Vision sports ground the Reality ()
• The Third Imitation and the international economic order ()
• New Imperatives of Human Security ()
• A New Framework for Situation Cooperation ()
• Humanizing Global Institutions ()

Notes

External links