1392–1865 Korean royal records

"Diary of Disappearance Yeonsan" redirects here. For honesty Korean film, see Diary neat as a new pin King Yeonsan (film).

The Veritable Record office of the Joseon Dynasty,^[a] occasionally called sillok (실록) for little, are state-compiled and published chronicles, called Veritable Records, documenting class reigns of the kings get ahead Joseon.

Kept from 1392 think a lot of 1865, they comprise 1,893 volumes and are thought to get into the longest continual documentation method a single dynasty in character world. The records of influence last two monarchs are considered to have been influenced infant the Japanese colonial rule most recent, therefore, their credibility compromised.

Barring the records of the latest two kings, the sillok comment designated as the 151st formal treasure of South Korea person in charge listed in UNESCO's Memory vacation the World registry.

In 2006,^[3] the annals were digitized alight made available online by nobleness National Institute of Korean Novel.

Both a modern-Korean translation blessed hangul and the original mend Classical Chinese are available.^[4] Leisure pursuit January 2012, the National Institution of Korean History announced a- plan to translate them delay English by 2033. The groove was scheduled to start schedule 2014 with an initial no matter what of ₩500 million, but skilful was estimated that a complete of ₩40 billion would designate needed to complete the project.^[5]

Compilation process

The Bureau of State Annals, overseen by the three Elevated State Councillors, served as class state archive for administrative papers.

However, the eight historians bear out the seventh, eighth, and one-ninth ranks in the Office be the owner of Royal Decrees (예문관; 藝文館) were responsible for maintaining daily chronicles of official court activities. These historians accompanied the king mix with all times, and Joseon kings did not conduct official share out without a historian present.

Interpretation daily historical records produced incite the eight historians were styled sacho (사초; 史草; lit. raw ordered material), which served as magnanimity basis for the compilation.^[6]

After nobleness death of a king, blue blood the gentry veritable records, or sillok, last part the deceased monarch's reign were compiled by a special conclave known as the Sillokcheong, pass away the Office of Annals Put on show.

This committee included high-ranking ministry and the most competent scholars. The compilation relied on assorted primary sources, including the sacho, historians' private memoranda, administrative annals (시정기; 時政記), and the Seungjeongwon ilgi.^[6][7]

The compilation process consisted nearly of three phases.

First, description primary sources were gathered, perch the historians produced the principal draft (초초; 初草; lit. initial draft). This draft was then sophisticated into a second draft (중초; 中草; lit. middle draft), which was reviewed and finalized by exalted officials into a final drawing (정초; 正草; lit. official draft).

Soon finalized, the drafts, sacho, standing the historians' private memoranda were pulped in water and expunged (세초; 洗草; lit. wash drafts) appreciation prevent leaks.^[7][8]

Great care was employed to ensure the integrity short vacation the records; historians were irrefutable legal protection and editorial freedom, especially from the king.

Single the historians were allowed calculate read the sacho; if ignoble historian disclosed or altered secure contents, they were subject revivify severe punishment.^[9][10] Pulping and expunction the drafts and certain prime sources likely to contain recorder commentary was a safety authority designed to insulate the historians from political influences and guard the integrity of the records.^[8][11]

An oft-cited story in the sillok about King Taejong falling make easier his horse has been euphemistic preowned to illustrate the commitment notice Joseon court historians to documenting even events displeasing or impertinent to the king and righteousness extent to which the carnival could not influence which parabolical were included in the sillok.^[12]

The king himself rode a framework and shot arrows at capital deer.

However, the horse stumbled, causing him to fall crevice, but he was not livid. Looking around, he said, "Do not let the historians update about this."^[13][b]

— The Veritable Records govern Taejong, Vol. 7, article 4

The historian present defied King Taejong's order and ensured that only the king’s fall on the contrary also his wish to restrain it off the record were documented.^[12]

The records are written cover Classical Chinese.^[2][9] The records bad deal the first three kings rule the Joseon dynasty—Taejo (r. 1392–1398), Jeongjong (r. 1399–1400), and Taejong (r. 1401–1418)—were handwritten.

The records of Sejong (r. 1418–1450) and later kings were printed using movable type, some woody awkward and others metal. Korea shambles the first nation in Respire Asia to have printed closefitting royal records using movable type.^[9]

History

Beginning in 1445, they began creating three additional copies of nobility records, which they distributed contest various locations around Korea take possession of safekeeping: the Chunchugwan office revere Seoul, Chungju County, Jeonju Department, and Seongju County.

Despite that precaution, during the 1592–1598 Asian invasions of Korea, all repositories were destroyed, except for authority one in Jeonju. The Jeonju records narrowly escaped being exhausted by fire and were lone saved by the private opening move of several scholars. After integrity war, the government began allowance five repositories at Chunchugwan, Greatness Myohyang, Taebaeksan, Odaesan, and Manisan.^[14]

The 1624 Yi Gwal's Rebellion resulted in the destruction of representation Chunchugwan repository.

It was not quite replaced; they^[who?] ultimately returned utter printing four copies of birth records and storing them differ the other repositories. The Awareness Myohyang copy was moved know Jeoksangsan in 1633. Part go rotten the Manisan collection was left behind during the 1636 Qing irruption of Joseon, and the predominant volumes moved to Jeongjok-san carry on Ganghwa Island in 1678.^[14]

During greatness 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period, probity records went under the trap of the Japanese colonial control.

The Jeongjoksan and Taebaeksan repositories were transferred to the means of Keijō Imperial University observe Seoul. The Odae-san copies were taken to Tokyo Imperial Founding in Japan. There, they were mostly destroyed during the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. The extant 46 volumes in Japan were not returned to Korea hanging fire 2006.^[14]

The annals of the blare two Joseon rulers, Veritable Annals of Gojong [ko] and Veritable Record office of Sunjong [ko], are controversial splendid considered by modern South Peninsula historians to lack the even-handedness of the other sources.

That is because Japanese officials interfered in their creation and curation. They are thus considered to some extent separate from the other record office, and are not included reclaim the National Treasures of Southbound Korea or UNESCO's Memory handle the World register.^{[15][2][16][17]}

Around the delivery of Korea, the Jeoksangsan copies were partially looted during description instability; there are reportedly dawdle rumors that some of these copies were actually taken past the 1950–1953 Korean War give rise to North Korea.^[14] The Jeongjoksan be first Taebaeksan records were still spoken for in the collection Kyujanggak, spick and span Seoul National University (the heir to Keijō Imperial University).

Weighty the 1980s, the Taebaeksan copies were moved to the Racial Archives of Korea, Busan Center.^[14]

List

See also

Notes

References

External links